Urinary incontinence is a symptom, and this happens because of lifestyle changes, everyday habits, physical health problems, or any underlying medical condition.

Four types of urinary incontinence include:

1. Temporary urinary incontinence: Drinks, foods, and medications trigger increased urine production. The foods and beverages that stimulate enhanced urine production are chocolate, spicy foods, sugary foods, citrus fruits, and foods containing acids. Urinary incontinence also occurs because of urinary tract infection or constipation.
2. Urinary tract infection: Urinary tract infection occurs when your bladder is irritated due to an infection, which creates an urge to urinate and sometimes leads to incontinence.
3. Constipation: The nerves in the rectum and bladder are similar. If your stool is hard, your nerves become overactive and increase urinary frequency.
4. Urinary Incontinence that is persistent: Reasons for persistent urinary incontinence include:

• Pregnancy and childbirth result in persistent urinary incontinence because of hormonal changes and weight gain.
• Aging and menopause reduce the frequency of hormones that retain the health of the bladder. Sometimes involuntary contractions of the bladder also cause incontinence, more so in old age.
• Hysterectomy in the case of a woman includes surgery affecting the bladder resulting in urinary incontinence.
• Enlarged prostate, prostate cancer, and neurological disorders may result in urinary incontinence.

• Stress incontinence: Stress incontinence can occur when you jump, laugh, or cough. If any physical exertion enhances the abdominal pressure, it further exerts pressure on the bladder. The word stress indicates leakage associated with physical strain. Although it may drain you emotionally, it is not the reason for incontinence. Sometimes you cannot hold the urine because the bladder is full. You may experience leakage when your bladder muscles fail to contract; you do not feel the urge to urinate. If your urethral sphincter or pelvic floor muscles are weakened or damaged, stress incontinence is likely to occur.
• Overactive bladder: If your bladder is not full and you feel the urge to urinate, this is urge incontinence; due to an overactive bladder, and this occurs in both men and women to urinate instantly, most often by loss of urine before you reach the toilet.
• Overflow incontinence: Overflow incontinence occurs when your bladder cannot empty, and there is leakage due to it. Overflow incontinence is because of interruption in urine flowing normally from the bladder, mostly in prostate enlargement. Other possibilities of overflow incontinence are tumors, bladder stones, or scar tissues. In the case of a woman,  if the bladder or uterus prolapses, the urethra appears as a bent hose (garden hose) that interferes with the urine flow.
• ● Functional incontinence: If any illness or disease prevents you from keeping dry, even though your urinary tract is functioning sufficiently, it is functional incontinence. Arthritis, mental illness, and medications used to treat heart ailments and blood pressure may increase the chances that you could develop incontinence.
• Reflex incontinence: When your bladder muscles contract, leakage of urine occurs in larger amounts because the nerves that signal the brain indicating the bladder is full are damaged. It is prevalent in people with neurological impairment from multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, or damage due to radiation treatment.

The doctor determines the type of urinary incontinence you have after studying your symptoms and a thorough history and physical exam.  The doctor may suggest the following tests:

• Urinalysis: A urine sample is analyzed for symptoms related to the infection, blood traces, or any other abnormalities.
• Bladder diary: Your record of the quantity of fluid you drink, urine produced, and urge to urinate with incontinence episodes.
• Post void residual measurement: Post-void residual measurement is the measure of urine output you have when you void into a container as per the instructions. Your doctor will evaluate the residual urine in the bladder with an ultrasound and a catheter test. If the residual urine in the bladder is more, you may have some obstruction in the urinary tract or issues with bladder muscles or nerves.

• Anesthesia- allergies in people with breathing problems
• ● Bleeding that may lead to shock
• Infection
• Deep vein thrombosis

These risks and complications occur if the sling is not inserted with care. Therefore, it can damage the urethra, bladder, rectum, or vagina, cause difficulty in emptying the bladder, and unable to breakdown synthetic materials for Urinary incontinence sling procedure. There are chances of urinary incontinence symptoms to return and urination problems that require frequent urination and urine leakage.